Everything about Positivism In Poland totally explained
Positivism in Poland defined progressive thought in
literature and other walks of life following the disastrous
January 1863 Uprising until the turn of the
20th century.
In the aftermath of the Uprising, many Poles abandoned their hopes of regaining Poland's independence from
Russia,
Germany and
Austro-Hungary by force of arms. Together with those hopes they — often reluctantly and only partially — set aside the style of the
Romantic period. Polish "Positivism," drawing its name from
Auguste Comte's philosophy and much of its ideology also from the works of
British scholars and scientists, advocated the exercise of reason before emotion. It argued that independence, if it's to be regained, must be regained gradually, by "building from the foundations" (creating a material infrastructure and educating the public) and through "organic work" that would enable Polish society to function as a fully integrated
social organism (a concept borrowed from
Herbert Spencer).
The leading Polish journalist, short-story writer and novelist
Bolesław Prus advised his compatriots that Poland's place in the world would be determined by the contributions that she made to its scientific, technological, economic and cultural achievements.
Specific societal questions addressed by the Polish Positivists included the establishment of
women's rights, the
assimilation of Poland's
Jewish minority, and the defense of the Polish population in the German-ruled part of Poland against
Kulturkampf and displacement by German settlers.
The Positivists viewed work, not uprisings, as the true way to maintain a Polish national identity and demonstrate a constructive patriotism.
Leading
writers of the Polish Positivist period included:
Poets:
Adam Asnyk (1838-1897)
Felicjan Faleński (1825-1910)
Maria Ilnicka (1825 or 1827-1897)
Aleksander Michaux (1839-1895)
Wacław Rolicz-Lieder
Dramatists:
Adam Asnyk
Michał Bałucki (1837-1901)
Józef Bliziński (1827-1893)
Felicjan Faleński (1825-1910)
Edward Lubowski (1837-1923)
Józef Narzymski (1839-1872)
Zygmunt Sarnecki (1837-1922)
Józef Szujski (1835-1883)
Aleksander Świętochowski (1849-1938)
Kazimierz Zalewski (1849-1919)
Literary critics:
Piotr Chmielowski (1848-1904)Further Information
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